Biggest Surprise: NC State Advance to the Final Four (0.71%)

NC State's Final Four run was a combination of their own upsets and help from other teams. In the first round, NC State had a 34% chance of winning and pulled off the upset. But, to help, Oakland beat Kentucky (13% chance), giving NC State an easier path forward. The second round went as expected, and NC State kept its roughly 4% chance of advancing. Wolfpack upsets of Marquette and Duke in the next two rounds (28% and 22%, respectively), as well as Duke's upset of Houston (32%) got them into the final four.

Over the tournaments for which I have made predictions, here are the least likely outcomes from each:


Number of Upsets

After a 2019-2020 season where we could only post a tournament what-if scenario, and a 2020-2021 season where limited schedules, game cancelations, and a mix of empty and mostly-empty arenas made accurate predictions nearly impossible, we are back to asking the normal question: Are there more upsets in the NCAA tournament than if these were just regular season games? For this analysis, "upset" is defined by a team with less than a 50% chance (as calculated below) winning its game (generally the same as the betting underdog) rather than based on committee seeding.

For this tournament, the number of upsets was below the expected number of upsets by 0.3, which is well within the bounds of random variability. Across the tournaments since 2015 for which I have made predictions, we have seen 185 upsets in 603 games, vs. a predicted total of 178.1. While higher than predicted, the differential corresponds to 0.5 standard deviations, whcih is not statistically significant.

Below is the combined breakdown of upset statistics, by the likelihood of an upset, over the years tracked.

Likelihood# GamesExpected
# Upsets
Actual
# Upsets
Sigma
0-5%471.331.6
5-10%282.241.3
10-15%435.52-1.6
15-20%488.57-0.6
20-25%6214.1170.9
25-30%4512.5140.5
30-35%8728.328-0.1
35-40%5621.018-0.8
40-45%9339.7420.5
45-50%9846.5500.7
Total607179.41850.5

Odds of Advancing to Round, April 6

Champion
*53.79% UCONN
 46.21% PURDUE


Odds of Advancing to Round, March 31

Finals Champion
*83.89% PURDUE
*67.57% UCONN
 32.43% ALABAMA
 16.11% NC STATE
 44.03% PURDUE
*39.56% UCONN
 13.47% ALABAMA
  2.94% NC STATE


Odds of Advancing to Round, March 29

Final Four Finals Champion
 77.86% DUKE
*67.38% UCONN
*64.51% ALABAMA
*58.26% PURDUE
 41.74% TENNESSEE
 35.49% CLEMSON
 32.62% ILLINOIS
*22.14% NC STATE
*47.53% UCONN
*38.15% PURDUE
 33.80% DUKE
 25.51% ALABAMA
 24.15% TENNESSEE
 17.57% ILLINOIS
  9.40% CLEMSON
  3.90% NC STATE
*27.78% UCONN
 22.19% PURDUE
 16.37% DUKE
 12.12% TENNESSEE
 10.78% ALABAMA
  7.20% ILLINOIS
  2.70% CLEMSON
  0.85% NC STATE


Odds of Advancing to Round, March 24

Elite Eight Final Four Finals Champion
*76.16% UCONN
 75.77% ARIZONA
 71.80% MARQUETTE
 67.68% HOUSTON
*64.98% PURDUE
 59.44% IOWA STATE
*57.85% TENNESSEE
 51.73% NORTH CAROLINA
*48.27% ALABAMA
 42.15% CREIGHTON
*40.56% ILLINOIS
 35.02% GONZAGA
*32.32% DUKE
*28.20% NC STATE
*24.23% CLEMSON
 23.84% SAN DIEGO STATE
 53.28% HOUSTON
 46.33% ARIZONA
*46.24% UCONN
*39.89% PURDUE
 29.43% IOWA STATE
 27.26% TENNESSEE
 23.93% NORTH CAROLINA
 22.09% MARQUETTE
*21.54% ALABAMA
 20.59% DUKE
 16.64% CREIGHTON
 16.42% ILLINOIS
 16.21% GONZAGA
  8.21% CLEMSON
  7.91% SAN DIEGO STATE
* 4.04% NC STATE
 34.49% HOUSTON
*27.75% UCONN
 24.97% ARIZONA
*21.28% PURDUE
 15.66% IOWA STATE
 12.41% TENNESSEE
 10.46% NORTH CAROLINA
  9.69% DUKE
  9.06% ALABAMA
  8.66% MARQUETTE
  7.21% ILLINOIS
  6.36% CREIGHTON
  6.32% GONZAGA
  2.60% SAN DIEGO STATE
  2.29% CLEMSON
  0.81% NC STATE
 22.06% HOUSTON
*14.89% UCONN
 12.68% ARIZONA
 12.02% PURDUE
  7.33% IOWA STATE
  6.01% TENNESSEE
  4.48% DUKE
  4.26% NORTH CAROLINA
  3.54% ALABAMA
  3.33% MARQUETTE
  2.72% ILLINOIS
  2.62% GONZAGA
  2.59% CREIGHTON
  0.72% SAN DIEGO STATE
  0.59% CLEMSON
  0.16% NC STATE


Odds of Advancing to Round, March 22

Sweet Sixteen Elite Eight Final Four Finals Champion
*86.69% HOUSTON
*82.07% ILLINOIS
*81.90% UCONN
*80.32% PURDUE
*78.23% ARIZONA
*77.88% DUKE
*76.94% IOWA STATE
*75.30% ALABAMA
*73.13% NC STATE
*70.78% CREIGHTON
*69.35% SAN DIEGO STATE
*66.40% TENNESSEE
 65.75% BAYLOR
*61.46% MARQUETTE
*56.51% NORTH CAROLINA
*55.41% GONZAGA
 44.59% KANSAS
 43.49% MICHIGAN STATE
 38.54% COLORADO
*34.25% CLEMSON
 33.60% TEXAS
 30.65% YALE
 29.22% OREGON
 26.87% OAKLAND
 24.70% GRAND CANYON
 23.06% WASHINGTON STATE
 22.12% JAMES MADISON
 21.77% DAYTON
 19.68% UTAH STATE
 18.10% NORTHWESTERN
 17.93% DUQUESNE
 13.31% TEXAS A&M
*66.05% UCONN
 64.93% HOUSTON
*53.58% PURDUE
 52.69% ARIZONA
 50.36% IOWA STATE
 46.78% MARQUETTE
*42.49% TENNESSEE
*39.12% ALABAMA
*37.83% ILLINOIS
 33.45% CREIGHTON
 32.26% NORTH CAROLINA
 28.96% BAYLOR
*27.36% DUKE
 25.66% COLORADO
*23.71% NC STATE
 23.26% GONZAGA
 22.11% MICHIGAN STATE
 20.31% SAN DIEGO STATE
 16.51% KANSAS
 16.09% TEXAS
*10.16% CLEMSON
  8.88% NORTHWESTERN
  8.82% WASHINGTON STATE
  8.18% DAYTON
  7.97% OREGON
  6.65% UTAH STATE
  6.50% GRAND CANYON
  4.76% YALE
  4.64% TEXAS A&M
  3.85% OAKLAND
  3.08% JAMES MADISON
  2.98% DUQUESNE
 53.06% HOUSTON
*41.93% UCONN
*34.05% PURDUE
 34.05% ARIZONA
 27.36% IOWA STATE
 22.34% TENNESSEE
*18.26% ALABAMA
 17.78% DUKE
 16.87% ILLINOIS
 15.60% MARQUETTE
 15.33% NORTH CAROLINA
 15.17% BAYLOR
 14.87% CREIGHTON
 11.47% GONZAGA
  9.13% MICHIGAN STATE
  7.27% KANSAS
  7.26% SAN DIEGO STATE
  6.20% COLORADO
  5.88% TEXAS
* 3.99% NC STATE
  3.73% CLEMSON
  2.84% DAYTON
  2.63% NORTHWESTERN
  2.52% WASHINGTON STATE
  2.08% UTAH STATE
  2.01% TEXAS A&M
  2.01% OREGON
  1.49% GRAND CANYON
  1.12% JAMES MADISON
  0.94% YALE
  0.49% DUQUESNE
  0.24% OAKLAND
 36.61% HOUSTON
*26.00% UCONN
 19.23% ARIZONA
*17.99% PURDUE
 15.30% IOWA STATE
 10.51% TENNESSEE
  8.69% DUKE
  8.13% ALABAMA
  7.69% ILLINOIS
  6.95% NORTH CAROLINA
  6.72% MARQUETTE
  6.72% BAYLOR
  5.86% CREIGHTON
  4.51% GONZAGA
  3.58% MICHIGAN STATE
  2.52% KANSAS
  2.48% SAN DIEGO STATE
  2.01% COLORADO
  1.89% TEXAS
  1.11% CLEMSON
  0.93% NC STATE
  0.79% DAYTON
  0.74% NORTHWESTERN
  0.72% WASHINGTON STATE
  0.56% TEXAS A&M
  0.50% UTAH STATE
  0.44% OREGON
  0.32% GRAND CANYON
  0.24% JAMES MADISON
  0.17% YALE
  0.08% DUQUESNE
  0.02% OAKLAND
 24.38% HOUSTON
*14.14% UCONN
 10.17% PURDUE
 10.04% ARIZONA
  7.39% IOWA STATE
  5.30% TENNESSEE
  4.01% DUKE
  3.28% ALABAMA
  2.95% ILLINOIS
  2.86% NORTH CAROLINA
  2.72% MARQUETTE
  2.70% BAYLOR
  2.48% CREIGHTON
  1.90% GONZAGA
  1.26% MICHIGAN STATE
  0.93% KANSAS
  0.69% SAN DIEGO STATE
  0.65% TEXAS
  0.60% COLORADO
  0.29% CLEMSON
  0.20% NC STATE
  0.20% DAYTON
  0.17% NORTHWESTERN
  0.16% WASHINGTON STATE
  0.14% TEXAS A&M
  0.13% UTAH STATE
  0.10% OREGON
  0.06% GRAND CANYON
  0.05% JAMES MADISON
  0.02% YALE
  0.01% DUQUESNE
  0.00% OAKLAND


Odds of Advancing to Round, March 20

Second Round Sweet Sixteen Elite Eight Final Four Finals Champion
*99.23% PURDUE
*98.12% UCONN
*98.00% NORTH CAROLINA
*97.93% HOUSTON
*96.74% ARIZONA
*95.94% TENNESSEE
*93.42% IOWA STATE
*88.62% BAYLOR
*88.51% ILLINOIS
*87.64% MARQUETTE
 86.74% KENTUCKY
 86.42% AUBURN
*85.61% DUKE
*85.26% ALABAMA
*84.30% CREIGHTON
*82.21% GONZAGA
 81.86% BYU
*80.43% KANSAS
*77.13% SAN DIEGO STATE
 73.00% SAINT MARY'S
 68.49% WISCONSIN
 66.30% TEXAS TECH
*60.11% TEXAS
*59.14% MICHIGAN STATE
 58.56% TCU
*55.16% WASHINGTON STATE
*54.52% OREGON
 53.33% NEBRASKA
 53.24% NEW MEXICO
*52.30% DAYTON
 52.08% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
*50.31% COLORADO
 49.69% FLORIDA
*47.92% NORTHWESTERN
 47.70% NEVADA
*46.76% CLEMSON
*46.67% TEXAS A&M
 45.48% SOUTH CAROLINA
 44.84% DRAKE
*41.44% UTAH STATE
 40.86% MISSISSIPPI STATE
 39.89% COLORADO STATE
*33.70% NC STATE
*31.51% JAMES MADISON
*27.00% GRAND CANYON
 22.87% UAB
 19.57% SAMFORD
*18.14% DUQUESNE
 17.79% MCNEESE
 15.70% AKRON
 14.74% CHARLESTON
 14.39% VERMONT
*13.58% YALE
*13.26% OAKLAND
 12.36% WESTERN KENTUCKY
 11.49% MOREHEAD STATE
 11.38% COLGATE
  6.58% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  4.06% SAINT PETER'S
  3.26% LONG BEACH STATE
  2.07% LONGWOOD
  2.00% WAGNER
  1.88% STETSON
  0.77% GRAMBLING
*83.70% HOUSTON
*79.37% UCONN
*76.70% ARIZONA
*76.65% PURDUE
*73.72% IOWA STATE
*66.87% TENNESSEE
 65.01% AUBURN
*61.39% CREIGHTON
*59.71% NORTH CAROLINA
 57.96% BAYLOR
*57.34% DUKE
*53.72% MARQUETTE
*51.44% ALABAMA
 50.87% KENTUCKY
*50.42% ILLINOIS
*49.19% GONZAGA
 43.58% BYU
 41.68% KANSAS
 37.29% SAINT MARY'S
 34.34% TEXAS TECH
 30.06% WISCONSIN
*26.90% SAN DIEGO STATE
 25.88% MICHIGAN STATE
 22.16% COLORADO
 21.84% NEW MEXICO
 21.75% FLORIDA
 21.71% TEXAS
 19.04% OREGON
*17.82% CLEMSON
 15.20% TCU
 14.55% WASHINGTON STATE
 14.34% MISSISSIPPI STATE
 14.15% SOUTH CAROLINA
 12.33% DAYTON
*12.26% NC STATE
 10.98% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
 10.96% COLORADO STATE
 10.47% NEVADA
 10.14% DRAKE
  9.43% NORTHWESTERN
  8.99% NEBRASKA
  8.64% JAMES MADISON
  8.12% UTAH STATE
  7.91% GRAND CANYON
  6.97% TEXAS A&M
  5.42% AKRON
  4.83% YALE
  4.74% MCNEESE
  4.40% SAMFORD
  4.04% DUQUESNE
  3.95% VERMONT
  3.36% CHARLESTON
  3.26% UAB
  2.53% OAKLAND
  2.38% COLGATE
  2.37% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  1.97% MOREHEAD STATE
  1.59% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.50% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.46% SAINT PETER'S
  0.34% LONGWOOD
  0.22% STETSON
  0.08% WAGNER
  0.04% GRAMBLING
 63.35% HOUSTON
 53.17% ARIZONA
*52.83% PURDUE
*50.48% UCONN
 46.45% IOWA STATE
*44.47% TENNESSEE
 33.36% AUBURN
 32.80% NORTH CAROLINA
 31.23% MARQUETTE
 29.98% CREIGHTON
*27.88% ALABAMA
 26.51% KENTUCKY
 25.66% BAYLOR
*24.04% ILLINOIS
*20.94% DUKE
 20.51% GONZAGA
 20.27% BYU
 18.61% SAINT MARY'S
 16.79% TEXAS TECH
 15.79% KANSAS
 12.37% MICHIGAN STATE
 11.11% TEXAS
 10.44% COLORADO
 10.18% FLORIDA
  8.49% SAN DIEGO STATE
  8.05% WISCONSIN
  6.90% NEW MEXICO
  6.70% TCU
  5.59% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  5.43% OREGON
* 5.16% CLEMSON
  5.03% WASHINGTON STATE
  4.89% DAYTON
  4.56% COLORADO STATE
* 4.05% NC STATE
  3.92% NEVADA
  3.58% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  3.53% SOUTH CAROLINA
  3.49% NEBRASKA
  3.05% DRAKE
  2.93% UTAH STATE
  2.91% NORTHWESTERN
  2.49% TEXAS A&M
  2.15% GRAND CANYON
  1.26% JAMES MADISON
  0.86% AKRON
  0.78% YALE
  0.71% DUQUESNE
  0.66% MCNEESE
  0.59% CHARLESTON
  0.58% SAMFORD
  0.42% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.40% UAB
  0.38% OAKLAND
  0.38% VERMONT
  0.25% COLGATE
  0.24% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.21% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.05% SAINT PETER'S
  0.05% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.04% LONGWOOD
  0.01% STETSON
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING
 50.00% HOUSTON
 34.67% ARIZONA
*34.27% PURDUE
*31.50% UCONN
 24.02% IOWA STATE
 23.25% TENNESSEE
 19.11% AUBURN
 15.63% NORTH CAROLINA
 13.42% BAYLOR
 13.40% CREIGHTON
*13.27% ALABAMA
 12.80% DUKE
 10.93% MARQUETTE
 10.33% GONZAGA
  9.94% ILLINOIS
  8.42% KENTUCKY
  8.14% BYU
  8.09% SAINT MARY'S
  7.32% KANSAS
  5.03% MICHIGAN STATE
  4.89% TEXAS TECH
  4.06% TEXAS
  3.98% WISCONSIN
  3.09% SAN DIEGO STATE
  2.70% COLORADO
  2.67% TCU
  2.64% NEW MEXICO
  2.61% FLORIDA
  1.82% CLEMSON
  1.81% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  1.70% DAYTON
  1.46% NEBRASKA
  1.37% OREGON
  1.29% NEVADA
  1.27% COLORADO STATE
  1.26% WASHINGTON STATE
  1.10% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  0.97% TEXAS A&M
  0.94% UTAH STATE
  0.84% NORTHWESTERN
  0.77% SOUTH CAROLINA
* 0.70% NC STATE
  0.65% DRAKE
  0.49% GRAND CANYON
  0.39% JAMES MADISON
  0.15% YALE
  0.13% MCNEESE
  0.12% AKRON
  0.10% SAMFORD
  0.09% DUQUESNE
  0.09% CHARLESTON
  0.08% VERMONT
  0.06% UAB
  0.03% COLGATE
  0.03% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.03% OAKLAND
  0.02% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.02% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.00% LONGWOOD
  0.00% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.00% SAINT PETER'S
  0.00% STETSON
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING
 34.23% HOUSTON
 19.54% ARIZONA
*19.27% UCONN
*18.72% PURDUE
 13.57% IOWA STATE
 11.16% TENNESSEE
 10.70% AUBURN
  6.94% NORTH CAROLINA
  6.24% DUKE
  5.89% ALABAMA
  5.81% BAYLOR
  5.46% CREIGHTON
  4.74% MARQUETTE
  4.57% ILLINOIS
  4.18% GONZAGA
  3.64% BYU
  3.35% KENTUCKY
  3.25% SAINT MARY'S
  2.69% KANSAS
  1.88% MICHIGAN STATE
  1.79% TEXAS TECH
  1.49% WISCONSIN
  1.34% TEXAS
  1.09% SAN DIEGO STATE
  0.89% COLORADO
  0.85% FLORIDA
  0.83% TCU
  0.80% NEW MEXICO
  0.53% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  0.50% CLEMSON
  0.46% DAYTON
  0.45% NEBRASKA
  0.36% WASHINGTON STATE
  0.33% NEVADA
  0.32% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  0.32% COLORADO STATE
  0.31% OREGON
  0.27% TEXAS A&M
  0.23% NORTHWESTERN
  0.23% UTAH STATE
  0.16% NC STATE
  0.16% DRAKE
  0.15% SOUTH CAROLINA
  0.10% GRAND CANYON
  0.09% JAMES MADISON
  0.03% YALE
  0.02% MCNEESE
  0.01% DUQUESNE
  0.01% AKRON
  0.01% SAMFORD
  0.01% VERMONT
  0.01% CHARLESTON
  0.01% UAB
  0.00% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.00% COLGATE
  0.00% OAKLAND
  0.00% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.00% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.00% LONGWOOD
  0.00% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.00% SAINT PETER'S
  0.00% STETSON
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING
 22.55% HOUSTON
 10.64% PURDUE
*10.53% UCONN
 10.51% ARIZONA
  6.78% IOWA STATE
  5.56% TENNESSEE
  5.30% AUBURN
  2.92% NORTH CAROLINA
  2.85% DUKE
  2.48% ALABAMA
  2.39% BAYLOR
  2.30% CREIGHTON
  1.91% MARQUETTE
  1.82% ILLINOIS
  1.75% GONZAGA
  1.41% BYU
  1.24% SAINT MARY'S
  1.23% KENTUCKY
  1.02% KANSAS
  0.67% MICHIGAN STATE
  0.61% TEXAS TECH
  0.51% WISCONSIN
  0.46% TEXAS
  0.32% SAN DIEGO STATE
  0.27% COLORADO
  0.26% TCU
  0.25% FLORIDA
  0.23% NEW MEXICO
  0.15% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  0.13% CLEMSON
  0.12% NEBRASKA
  0.12% DAYTON
  0.09% WASHINGTON STATE
  0.08% COLORADO STATE
  0.08% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  0.08% NEVADA
  0.07% OREGON
  0.07% TEXAS A&M
  0.06% UTAH STATE
  0.05% NORTHWESTERN
  0.03% NC STATE
  0.03% DRAKE
  0.03% SOUTH CAROLINA
  0.02% GRAND CANYON
  0.02% JAMES MADISON
  0.00% YALE
  0.00% MCNEESE
  0.00% DUQUESNE
  0.00% AKRON
  0.00% SAMFORD
  0.00% VERMONT
  0.00% CHARLESTON
  0.00% UAB
  0.00% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.00% COLGATE
  0.00% OAKLAND
  0.00% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.00% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.00% LONGWOOD
  0.00% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.00% SAINT PETER'S
  0.00% STETSON
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING


Odds of Advancing to Round, March 17

First Round Second Round Sweet Sixteen Elite Eight Final Four Finals Champion
 66.02% MONTANA STATE
*54.76% COLORADO
 52.60% HOWARD
*51.69% COLORADO STATE
 48.31% VIRGINIA
*47.40% WAGNER
 45.24% BOISE STATE
*33.98% GRAMBLING
*98.39% PURDUE
*98.14% UCONN
*97.95% HOUSTON
*97.87% NORTH CAROLINA
*96.72% ARIZONA
*95.93% TENNESSEE
*93.42% IOWA STATE
*88.70% BAYLOR
*88.48% ILLINOIS
*87.84% MARQUETTE
 86.75% KENTUCKY
 86.38% AUBURN
*85.64% DUKE
*85.29% ALABAMA
*84.50% CREIGHTON
*82.08% GONZAGA
 82.02% BYU
*80.63% KANSAS
*77.04% SAN DIEGO STATE
 72.97% SAINT MARY'S
 68.56% WISCONSIN
 66.42% TEXAS TECH
*63.56% TEXAS
*59.13% MICHIGAN STATE
 59.00% TCU
*55.21% WASHINGTON STATE
*54.42% OREGON
 53.22% NEBRASKA
 52.88% NEW MEXICO
*52.61% DAYTON
 52.55% FLORIDA
 51.96% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
*48.04% NORTHWESTERN
 47.39% NEVADA
*47.12% CLEMSON
*46.78% TEXAS A&M
 45.58% SOUTH CAROLINA
 44.79% DRAKE
*41.00% UTAH STATE
 40.87% MISSISSIPPI STATE
*33.58% NC STATE
*31.44% JAMES MADISON
*27.16% COLORADO
*27.03% GRAND CANYON
 22.96% UAB
 20.29% BOISE STATE
 19.37% SAMFORD
 19.24% COLORADO STATE
*17.98% DUQUESNE
 17.92% MCNEESE
 17.20% VIRGINIA
 15.50% AKRON
 14.71% CHARLESTON
 14.36% VERMONT
*13.62% YALE
*13.25% OAKLAND
 12.16% WESTERN KENTUCKY
 11.52% MOREHEAD STATE
 11.30% COLGATE
  6.58% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  4.07% SAINT PETER'S
  3.28% LONG BEACH STATE
  2.05% LONGWOOD
  1.86% STETSON
  1.37% MONTANA STATE
  1.20% HOWARD
  0.93% WAGNER
  0.24% GRAMBLING
*83.80% HOUSTON
*79.69% UCONN
*76.76% ARIZONA
*76.01% PURDUE
*73.86% IOWA STATE
*67.37% TENNESSEE
 65.17% AUBURN
*61.80% CREIGHTON
*59.70% NORTH CAROLINA
 58.30% BAYLOR
*57.31% DUKE
*55.25% MARQUETTE
*51.65% ALABAMA
 50.71% KENTUCKY
*50.25% ILLINOIS
*48.86% GONZAGA
 43.80% BYU
 42.02% KANSAS
 37.11% SAINT MARY'S
 34.54% TEXAS TECH
 30.14% WISCONSIN
*26.68% SAN DIEGO STATE
 25.87% MICHIGAN STATE
 23.08% TEXAS
 22.78% FLORIDA
 21.44% NEW MEXICO
 18.80% OREGON
*17.88% CLEMSON
 15.68% TCU
 14.48% WASHINGTON STATE
 14.35% MISSISSIPPI STATE
 14.05% SOUTH CAROLINA
 12.43% DAYTON
*12.24% NC STATE
 11.67% COLORADO
 10.77% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
 10.31% NEVADA
 10.06% DRAKE
  9.33% NORTHWESTERN
  8.90% NEBRASKA
  8.62% JAMES MADISON
  8.16% UTAH STATE
  7.87% GRAND CANYON
  7.84% BOISE STATE
  6.96% TEXAS A&M
  5.35% AKRON
  4.90% COLORADO STATE
  4.89% YALE
  4.76% MCNEESE
  4.35% SAMFORD
  4.17% VIRGINIA
  3.99% DUQUESNE
  3.93% VERMONT
  3.37% CHARLESTON
  3.25% UAB
  2.51% OAKLAND
  2.45% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  2.38% COLGATE
  1.96% MOREHEAD STATE
  1.60% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.50% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.48% SAINT PETER'S
  0.33% LONGWOOD
  0.22% STETSON
  0.14% MONTANA STATE
  0.05% HOWARD
  0.04% WAGNER
  0.01% GRAMBLING
 63.53% HOUSTON
 53.11% ARIZONA
*52.42% PURDUE
*51.00% UCONN
 46.52% IOWA STATE
*44.62% TENNESSEE
 33.16% AUBURN
 32.86% NORTH CAROLINA
 32.28% MARQUETTE
 30.34% CREIGHTON
*28.01% ALABAMA
 26.48% KENTUCKY
 25.94% BAYLOR
*23.93% ILLINOIS
*20.82% DUKE
 20.41% BYU
 20.41% GONZAGA
 18.43% SAINT MARY'S
 17.01% TEXAS TECH
 16.07% KANSAS
 12.37% MICHIGAN STATE
 11.80% TEXAS
 10.65% FLORIDA
  8.26% SAN DIEGO STATE
  8.04% WISCONSIN
  6.93% TCU
  6.72% NEW MEXICO
  5.60% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  5.41% COLORADO
  5.35% OREGON
* 5.19% CLEMSON
  4.98% WASHINGTON STATE
  4.91% DAYTON
* 4.07% NC STATE
  3.83% NEVADA
  3.51% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  3.51% SOUTH CAROLINA
  3.45% NEBRASKA
  3.28% BOISE STATE
  3.00% DRAKE
  2.92% UTAH STATE
  2.89% NORTHWESTERN
  2.49% TEXAS A&M
  2.12% GRAND CANYON
  1.91% COLORADO STATE
  1.56% VIRGINIA
  1.25% JAMES MADISON
  0.85% AKRON
  0.78% YALE
  0.70% DUQUESNE
  0.67% MCNEESE
  0.59% CHARLESTON
  0.58% SAMFORD
  0.44% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.39% UAB
  0.38% OAKLAND
  0.37% VERMONT
  0.25% COLGATE
  0.24% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.21% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.05% SAINT PETER'S
  0.05% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.03% LONGWOOD
  0.01% STETSON
  0.01% MONTANA STATE
  0.00% HOWARD
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING
 50.17% HOUSTON
 34.58% ARIZONA
*33.92% PURDUE
*31.97% UCONN
 23.97% IOWA STATE
 23.37% TENNESSEE
 18.96% AUBURN
 15.68% NORTH CAROLINA
 13.68% CREIGHTON
 13.60% BAYLOR
*13.35% ALABAMA
 12.71% DUKE
 11.37% MARQUETTE
 10.22% GONZAGA
  9.84% ILLINOIS
  8.37% KENTUCKY
  8.19% BYU
  7.98% SAINT MARY'S
  7.45% KANSAS
  5.04% MICHIGAN STATE
  4.96% TEXAS TECH
  4.34% TEXAS
  3.98% WISCONSIN
  2.98% SAN DIEGO STATE
  2.76% TCU
  2.72% FLORIDA
  2.55% NEW MEXICO
  1.83% CLEMSON
  1.82% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  1.71% DAYTON
  1.45% NEBRASKA
  1.37% COLORADO
  1.35% OREGON
  1.24% NEVADA
  1.24% WASHINGTON STATE
  1.07% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  0.97% TEXAS A&M
  0.92% UTAH STATE
  0.83% NORTHWESTERN
  0.77% SOUTH CAROLINA
  0.72% BOISE STATE
* 0.71% NC STATE
  0.63% DRAKE
  0.49% COLORADO STATE
  0.48% GRAND CANYON
  0.39% JAMES MADISON
  0.38% VIRGINIA
  0.15% YALE
  0.13% MCNEESE
  0.12% AKRON
  0.10% SAMFORD
  0.09% DUQUESNE
  0.09% CHARLESTON
  0.08% VERMONT
  0.06% UAB
  0.03% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.03% COLGATE
  0.03% OAKLAND
  0.02% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.02% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.00% LONGWOOD
  0.00% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.00% SAINT PETER'S
  0.00% STETSON
  0.00% MONTANA STATE
  0.00% HOWARD
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING
 34.43% HOUSTON
*19.67% UCONN
 19.39% ARIZONA
*18.47% PURDUE
 13.56% IOWA STATE
 11.16% TENNESSEE
 10.61% AUBURN
  6.94% NORTH CAROLINA
  6.19% DUKE
  5.90% ALABAMA
  5.88% BAYLOR
  5.58% CREIGHTON
  4.97% MARQUETTE
  4.53% ILLINOIS
  4.10% GONZAGA
  3.68% BYU
  3.33% KENTUCKY
  3.18% SAINT MARY'S
  2.74% KANSAS
  1.87% MICHIGAN STATE
  1.83% TEXAS TECH
  1.49% WISCONSIN
  1.44% TEXAS
  1.04% SAN DIEGO STATE
  0.89% FLORIDA
  0.85% TCU
  0.76% NEW MEXICO
  0.53% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  0.50% CLEMSON
  0.46% DAYTON
  0.44% NEBRASKA
  0.44% COLORADO
  0.35% WASHINGTON STATE
  0.31% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  0.31% NEVADA
  0.30% OREGON
  0.27% TEXAS A&M
  0.23% NORTHWESTERN
  0.22% UTAH STATE
  0.20% BOISE STATE
  0.16% NC STATE
  0.15% DRAKE
  0.15% SOUTH CAROLINA
  0.11% COLORADO STATE
  0.09% GRAND CANYON
  0.08% JAMES MADISON
  0.08% VIRGINIA
  0.03% YALE
  0.02% MCNEESE
  0.01% DUQUESNE
  0.01% AKRON
  0.01% SAMFORD
  0.01% VERMONT
  0.01% CHARLESTON
  0.01% UAB
  0.00% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.00% COLGATE
  0.00% OAKLAND
  0.00% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.00% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.00% LONGWOOD
  0.00% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.00% SAINT PETER'S
  0.00% STETSON
  0.00% MONTANA STATE
  0.00% HOWARD
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING
 22.71% HOUSTON
*10.79% UCONN
 10.47% PURDUE
 10.39% ARIZONA
  6.76% IOWA STATE
  5.55% TENNESSEE
  5.23% AUBURN
  2.92% NORTH CAROLINA
  2.82% DUKE
  2.48% ALABAMA
  2.41% BAYLOR
  2.36% CREIGHTON
  2.02% MARQUETTE
  1.79% ILLINOIS
  1.71% GONZAGA
  1.42% BYU
  1.22% KENTUCKY
  1.20% SAINT MARY'S
  1.04% KANSAS
  0.66% MICHIGAN STATE
  0.62% TEXAS TECH
  0.51% WISCONSIN
  0.49% TEXAS
  0.30% SAN DIEGO STATE
  0.27% TCU
  0.26% FLORIDA
  0.21% NEW MEXICO
  0.15% MISSISSIPPI STATE
  0.13% COLORADO
  0.13% CLEMSON
  0.12% NEBRASKA
  0.12% DAYTON
  0.08% WASHINGTON STATE
  0.08% FLORIDA ATLANTIC
  0.07% NEVADA
  0.07% OREGON
  0.07% TEXAS A&M
  0.05% UTAH STATE
  0.05% NORTHWESTERN
  0.05% BOISE STATE
  0.03% NC STATE
  0.03% DRAKE
  0.03% SOUTH CAROLINA
  0.03% COLORADO STATE
  0.02% VIRGINIA
  0.02% GRAND CANYON
  0.02% JAMES MADISON
  0.00% YALE
  0.00% MCNEESE
  0.00% DUQUESNE
  0.00% AKRON
  0.00% SAMFORD
  0.00% VERMONT
  0.00% CHARLESTON
  0.00% UAB
  0.00% WESTERN KENTUCKY
  0.00% COLGATE
  0.00% OAKLAND
  0.00% MOREHEAD STATE
  0.00% SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
  0.00% LONGWOOD
  0.00% LONG BEACH STATE
  0.00% SAINT PETER'S
  0.00% STETSON
  0.00% MONTANA STATE
  0.00% HOWARD
  0.00% WAGNER
  0.00% GRAMBLING


Note: asterisk denotes team advanced

Selection Notes

As noted in previous seasons, the selections this year largely followed my standard and blended pseudopoll rankings. The pseudopoll correctly predicted 34 of 36 at-large teams, while the standard rankings correctly predicted 33. The one "miss" in both cases was that the computer rankings would have selected Oklahoma and Indiana State over Boise State and Texas A&M. In fact, the NCAA's own NET ranking would have also left Texas A&M out of the tournament, as would have my predictive rankings. It's somewhat unclear what the selection committee saw in Texas A&M. By comparison, my predictive rankings selected 28 of the 36 at-large teams and the NET rankings selected 30.

When it came to seedings, the pseudopoll did the the best overall, with 30 of 68 teams predicted at the correct seed and 53 within one. None of the other rankings predicted more than 26 seeds correctly. A few teams may have some gripes about their seeding: Auburn and Nevada could have easily been seeded two spots (or more) higher based on multiple ranking algorithms.


Prediction Notes

Heading into the tournament, an interesting metric is the relative parity at the top. Top does not mean the #1 seeds, but rather the teams with the best chances of winning. Here is a comparison of the number of teams as a function of likelihood of winning, vs. season.

Season5-10%10-15%15-20%20-25%≥25%Winner
2014-2015230017.9%
2015-2016411005.0%
2016-20172210013.2%
2017-20184120015.7%
2018-20192220019.9%
2020-2021+3201012.0%
2021-20226001016.3%
2022-2023411004.2%
2023-202433010TBD

In comparison with previous seasons, this season has is tied with the fewest teams with a 15% chance or greater of winning it all. While Houston (22.7%) is the clear favorite relative to any other team, the field has about a nearly 80% chance.

+ 2020-2021 tournament predictions less precise due to COVID impacts


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Note: if you use any of the facts, equations, or mathematical principles introduced here, you must give me credit.

copyright ©2024 Andrew Dolphin